The Newfangled Starter Theme includes several custom post types and taxonmies. These are defined in:
templates/newfangled-theme/nf-inc/nf-types-taxonomies.php

While more can be added as needed, the following are defined out of the box:

Landing Page (post type)
This custom post type allows for creating stripped-down landing pages that feature a single CTA (a form, a content upgrade, or a gated post). The template for this post type can be found in:
themes/newfangled-theme/templates/post/post-landingpage.php

Service (post type)
An example custom post type that displays as a list of items on the Services Landing Page template. This can be removed or modified as needed.

Case Study (post type)
An example custom post type that displays as a list of items on the Case Studies Landing Page template. This can be removed or modified as needed.

Several additional taxonomies are registered by the Newfangled Insight Engine Connector plugin:

Message Areas of Focus (taxonomy)
A taxonomy used for measuring content performance in the Insight Engine. This should be assigned to any post type that is being tracked in the Insight Engine.

Buy Cycles (taxonomy)
A taxonomy used for measuring content performance in the Insight Engine. This should be assigned to any post type that is being tracked in the Insight Engine.

Target Audiences (taxonomy)
A taxonomy used for measuring content performance in the Insight Engine. This should be assigned to any post type that is being tracked in the Insight Engine.

Post Type (taxonomy)
A taxonomy used for filtering Insight items, and for measuring content performance in the Insight Engine.